Adrian Wooldridge examines the mid-20th-century backlash against meritocracy. Michael Young, who coined the term, warned that a "perfect" meritocracy would create an intolerable society where the successful feel superior and the unsuccessful have no socia

Adrian Wooldridge examines the mid-20th-century backlash against meritocracy. Michael Young, who coined the term, warned that a "perfect" meritocracy would create an intolerable society where the successful feel superior and the unsuccessful have no social excuse for their position. Left-wing critics like Lancelot Hogben argued that IQ tests merely measured privilege rather than innate nature. Additionally, failures like the Vietnam War—managed by the "best and brightest" Harvard intellectuals—and John Rawls' theory of justice further questioned whether brain power alone should justify disproportionate social and economic rewards. 5
1749 TRIAL OF THE BANK OF ENGLAND