Geoffrey Wawro, guest author, describes how Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy aimed to prepare the South Vietnamese army (ARVN) to fight independently through massive equipment transfers. However, the 1971 invasion of Laos (Lam Son 719) proved a disaster, r

Geoffrey Wawro, guest author, describes how Nixon's "Vietnamization" policy aimed to prepare the South Vietnamesearmy (ARVN) to fight independently through massive equipment transfers. However, the 1971 invasion of Laos (Lam Son 719) proved a disaster, revealing that the ARVN lacked the leadership and staff work to execute complex operations without American ground support. In 1972, Nixon responded to the NVA Easter Offensive with the Linebackerbombing campaigns, which were far more aggressive and pitiless than those under Johnson. During this time, Nixon also pursued diplomatic "triangulation" with China and the Soviet Union, hoping to leverage these superpowers to pressure Hanoi into a peace deal. The "Christmas bombing" of 1972 (Linebacker II) targeted urban centers like Hanoi and Haiphong, killing thousands of civilians to force the final signing of the peace accords in January 1973. The Vietnam War: A Military History (7)