Neil Lanctot turns to early 1915, when the Great War had stabilized into a brutal stalemate in Europe while America remained neutral under Wilson. Jane Addams, horrified by the massacre, organized the Women's Peace Party to act as a pressure group for pea

Neil Lanctot turns to early 1915, when the Great War had stabilized into a brutal stalemate in Europe while Americaremained neutral under Wilson. Jane Addams, horrified by the massacre, organized the Women's Peace Party to act as a pressure group for peace. Her subsequent trip to Europe to meet with heads of state in Berlin, Paris, and London was a remarkable act of "amateur diplomacy," though her message was often distorted by hostile American newspapers. TRvehemently opposed her efforts, writing a public letter that derided the peace advocates as "foolish women" and argued they should focus on Belgian relief instead. While Addams navigated the complexities of international diplomacy, President Wilson became "obsessed" with Edith Bolling Galt following the death of his first wife. Wilson's intense courtship and eventual marriage in 1915 occurred privately, even as the world war began to encroach on American neutrality via German submarine warfare. (2)